By UPSCTREECategories: Mains Question Paper
PSYCHOLOGY – PAPER I
Odisha Civil Services Mains 2024
Time: 3 Hours
|Full Marks: 250
|Full Marks: 250
GROUP A
10 × 15 MARKS
Instructions: Attempt 10 (ten) questions. Word limit: 250 words.
- From which perspective is Psychology a Science? How does it touch the realm of natural sciences? Explain with examples.
- How is Introspection a method of Psychology? What is the contribution of Introspection to the objective understanding of human behavior? Explain its purpose as a method in the historical context.
- Is Psychological research totally objective? If not, then which factors need to be taken into consideration while making a research design? Explain with examples.
- Define child rearing. Do you think that child rearing practices have changed with the advent of technology? If yes, explain how.
- How does a stimulus determine how it is perceived? Is perception reliable or is it a mix of perceptual readiness and stimulus characteristics? Are there any other factors which influence the objectivity in perception?
- How does learning change with schedules of reinforcement? Are there any individual circumstances that the respective schedules can be used for modifying learning outputs? Explain with examples.
- Can one control the factors affecting forgetting and retention? How is retention connected to forgetting? Is it possible to increase retention and thus ensure decrease forgetting or are there any other factors which need to be controlled? Explain with examples.
- Is the origin of creativity dependent upon the presence of a problem? Give an example. How would one know whether to be creative and when to follow a set protocol for solving a problem? Give examples.
- How do intelligence and aptitude differ from each other? Can a person with a given aptitude work without using intelligence and vice versa? Explain with examples.
- How does motivation affect emotions? What is the effect of emotions on behavior? Give examples.
- Can personality be used as a way to know people and understand their interactions with others? How does one modify systems of work in this context? Give examples.
- Are attitudes fixed or dynamic in nature? Can they be reliably measured? How? Explain with examples.
GROUP B
05 × 20 MARKS
Instructions: Attempt 05 (five) questions. Word limit: 300 words.
- Are the results of a research influenced by any steps? Is it desirable? Explain with examples.
- Does human behavior develop as a person grows? Is behavior linked with age? Give examples from any theory.
- When memories decay, what decays and what does not decay? Explain. Can the memories be revved? If yes, then how? Explain with example.
- Discuss Chomsky’s theory of language development. How does it help in understanding the language development better or worse than the Skinnerian theory? Explain with example.
- Envision the use of Artificial Intelligence in Psychological testing. Discuss with examples.
- How can one form attitudes? Discuss the techniques for maintaining the same, with examples.
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- Anonymity: Darknet allows users to communicate and transact with each other anonymously. Users can maintain their privacy and avoid being tracked by law enforcement agencies or other entities.
- Access to Information: The darknet provides access to information and resources that may be otherwise unavailable or censored on the regular internet. This can include political or sensitive information that is not allowed to be disseminated through other channels.
- Freedom of Speech: The darknet can be a platform for free speech, as users are able to express their opinions and ideas without fear of censorship or retribution.
- Secure Communication: Darknet sites are encrypted, which means that communication between users is secure and cannot be intercepted by third parties.
- Illegal Activities: Many darknet sites are associated with illegal activities, such as drug trafficking, weapon sales, and hacking services. Such activities can attract criminals and expose users to serious legal risks.
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Darknet
Definition:
Darknet, also known as dark web or darknet market, refers to the part of the internet that is not indexed or accessible through traditional search engines. It is a network of private and encrypted websites that cannot be accessed through regular web browsers and requires special software and configuration to access.
The darknet is often associated with illegal activities such as drug trafficking, weapon sales, and hacking services, although not all sites on the darknet are illegal.
Examples:
Examples of darknet markets include Silk Road, AlphaBay, and Dream Market, which were all shut down by law enforcement agencies in recent years.
These marketplaces operate similarly to e-commerce websites, with vendors selling various illegal goods and services, such as drugs, counterfeit documents, and hacking tools, and buyers paying with cryptocurrency for their purchases.
Pros :
Cons: