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Odisha Civil Services Mains 2024
Time: 3 Hours
|Full Marks: 250
|Full Marks: 250
GROUP A
10 × 15 MARKS
Instructions: Attempt 10 (ten) questions. Word limit: 250 words.
- Describe the composition and functions of dietary proteins in human body. Explain the importance of essential amino acids and the health consequences associated with inadequate protein intake.
- Describe the role of iron in oxygen transport and enzyme function. Discuss how bioavailability, dietary inhibitors and chronic diseases influence iron status in different populations.
- Explain the composition and nutritional importance of milk and milk products and their role in maintaining healthy body.
- Describe national and international food safety regulations, explaining their scope, implementation and impact on consumer protection. Discuss about FPO and ISI in controlling food quality.
- Explain protein metabolism in the human body and discuss its physiological significance during starvation.
- Discuss the strategies adopted by WHO and UNICEF to combat malnutrition with examples of successful programs and their impact on the society.
- Explain the importance of vitamin B complex in energy metabolism and Red Blood Cell formation. Discuss the factors affecting the absorption of vitamin B complex.
- “Development of cardiovascular diseases is not a one day process.” Justify the statement. Also discuss the detailed dietary management of hypertension.
- What is dietary fibre? Which food group(s) contributes maximally to dietary fibre? Also, explain the role of dietary fibres in occurrence and management of gastrointestinal diseases.
- Describe food adulteration and differentiate between the food adulterants and food additives. Explain the methods to detect food adulteration in milk, vegetable oil and turmeric.
- Describe the etiology, pathophysiology and management of gastritis and peptic ulcers.
- Describe hepatitis and its principal causes. Explain the factors affecting the pathophysiology and long-term consequences and lifestyle modifications in maintaining liver health.
GROUP B
05 × 20 MARKS
Instructions: Attempt 05 (five) questions. Word limit: 300 words.
- Discuss the importance of family counselling in healing emotional wounds, improving relationships and building self-esteem among family members. Why is this kind of counselling important for keeping families close and strong over the long term?
- Discuss Piaget’s theory of cognitive development in detail, explaining the stages, characteristics and the progression of thinking from infancy to adolescence.
- Describe the effect of maternal nutrition, hormones, genetics and environment on the prenatal growth and development. Also discuss their long-term effects on postnatal health.
- Define geriatric age. Discuss the common health problems and geriatric syndromes faced by older people. What social factors contribute to these challenges and affect the well-being of elderly individuals?
- Explain the psychosocial and emotional development stages of early childhood. Describe the development of language and communication skills in children during the first five years.
- Discuss how globalization and exposure to new cultural values affect family values, traditions and relationships. What is the role of cultural adaptation and conflict in this context?
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