A tale from Indian Army and a saga of inspiration.

In a counter-insurgency operation in Manipur, Capt Divakaran Pillay led the charge against militants.
He was shot multiple times in the attack, but that’s when he displayed a rare strength of character.
He was rescued, but that was not the last time he would find himself in this nondescript village.
Major A V D Pillay was a soldier’s soldier. His father had served in the army. And he expected his son, Divakaran, to be no less. His family had a cherished tradition of bearing arms, now for the Indian Army, and in centuries past, for the kingdom of Kerala. His family had shed blood for the motherland. The Pillays were Nairs, a fighting clan, and were expected to do no less.
In a school play, 12-year-old son Divakaran was given the part of a primeval Naga warrior. When young Pillay entered the stage, he did not look the part. A Naga going to war is a fearsome thing to behold. He roars like a lion. Major Pillay’s son squeaked. He neither looked Naga, nor Nair.
In a family tradition where young adolescent boys were expected to bear arms and fight the enemy, Major Pillay’s son fell woefully short.
And so, young Divakaran was packed off to spend an entire night at a graveyard.
As we sit in his office in New Delhi, Col Divakaran Padma Kumar Pillay speaks about the fear and sheer trepidation of that night. The loneliness, the sounds, the howling wind, the haunting expectation of graves creaking open at night and corpses crawling out would have seen grown men run away in sheer terror.
“Gaurav, I almost died out of sheer fear that night. But I did not quit”, says Col Pillay.
When Major Pillay came in the morning to take young Divakaran home, something had irrevocably changed in the boy. He stopped shuffling and he looked into people’s eyes when he spoke.
It was in 1994 that Manipur, and with it the rest of the North East, had descended into violent chaos. The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), an extremist Naga outfit, controlled much of the regions bordering Manipur and Nagaland, collecting taxes and defying the Indian state. Efforts at peace had failed, with an increasingly belligerent and intransigent NSCN quickly increasing the levels of violence. They used a complex mix of perceived wrong, tribal loyalties and fear to keep the people in line.
India was forced to use its final argument. It sent the Indian Army to the North East to establish the writ of the state.
Capt Divakaran Pillay had specific intelligence that insurgents were planning to blow up a bridge to hamper the movement of security forces. His orders were clear – locate, engage and neutralise. For four days he led his platoon through sweltering jungle, a fruitless and frustrating search that yielded nothing.
On the morning of the fifth day, he had contact.
As the platoon approached a nondescript village called Longdipabram in Tamenglong district, insurgents opened with murderous fire. Capt Pillay responded. The militants had the upper hand; they could fire where they wished, unmindful of collateral damage.
In counter-insurgency, sometimes avoiding collateral damage and civilian casualties means taking a bullet to your chest. It’s a catch-22 situation.
Capt Pillay approached a hut in which the militants had found safe haven. As he kicked open the door, a three-round burst from an AK 47 caught him in the elbow and arm. Another single shot slammed into his chest. The militant’s AK jammed. He threw a grenade at Capt Pillay. Weak with shock and loss of blood, Capt Pillay kicked the grenade milliseconds before it exploded. The explosion took away a piece of flesh from his leg. Miraculously, the thick door had absorbed the shrapnel.
Another militant hit him on his shoulder and then on his spine. Both the shoulder and spine were fractured. As Capt Pillay lay bleeding, close to death, the encounter raged around him. Many militants were killed. In the cross-fire, two children were seriously injured.
His platoon radioed for CASEVAC (Casualty Evacuation) by helicopter. The army responded quickly and the helicopter soon landed to evacuate the wounded officer.
Capt Pillay has always been different, sometimes a little stubborn to straightjacketed army men. He was known to speak his mind with brutal honesty.
When the pilot came forward to help him into the helicopter, Capt Pillay did two things, which only those who knew him intimately could have expected.
One, he told the pilot that he still had some strength in him and could cling on to his life a little longer and that the children should be evacuated in his place. Two, he ordered his men that if he died, they would carry out no reprisals. The village was under the protection of Capt DPK Pillay of 8 Battalion, The Brigade of the Guards.
Before fainting from shock and loss of blood, Capt Pillay heard wails of gratitude from the women and the old men of the village who rushed out and fell at his feet.
For this unique and heroic deed, Capt Divakaran Pillay was conferred the Shaurya Chakra by a grateful nation.
In 2010, the local Brigade Commander, a friend of the now Col. Pillay, sent a patrol to find out about the village in which this famous encounter had taken place. It was through this army patrol that the villagers found out that their saviour was still alive. They immediately requested for a reunion. So, Col Pillay went to meet the villagers in that small village in Manipur.
He was accorded not just a hero’s welcome. He was welcomed like a village elder. Through his remarkable heroism and generosity, a Keralite had found family in Manipur. The little girl who was shot in the stomach and whose life he had saved by getting her airlifted, was now married and a mother of two. The young boy was now a strapping young man.
During the reunion, Col Pillay saw a familiar-looking man in the crowd. That man was among the few who had attacked him, almost killing him on that fateful day. Col Pillay called out to him and hugged him. In that instant, all was forgiven, all was forgotten.
As the story of his visit to the village spread, the national media made Col Pillay a celebrity. And, true to his character, Col Pillay used this fame to devastating effect. He was now in touch with ministers and senior bureaucrats. So, he used his influence with the Minister of State for Defence for a 23km-long black top road that would connect Longdipabram to District Headquarters at Tamenglong. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) would construct this road. But Col Pillay was not done yet. He realised that the road would fall into disrepair after a few years because the BRO did not have the mandate to maintain roads that were not on the border.
Col Pillay went on a liaison overdrive and a charm offensive. He called and met the high and mighty of Lutyens Delhi. Everyone had heard stories of the young Captain who had courted certain death to save two innocent children. Many people shut the doors to his face. But good things happen to good people. Or at least they happen to people who are both good and terribly stubborn.
On 7 October 2016, I received a phone call from Col Pillay.
“Gaurav, Mr Nitin Gadkari has approved a 100km long National Highway, connecting Tamenglong to Peren in Nagaland. And Longdipabram will be a reference point in the NH,” he said excitedly.
Seventy years after independence, a nondescript village in some remote corner of the North East that no one had heard of suddenly found itself right on a National Highway.
He has three sons, all school-going fine young lads. Over Dunkin Donuts burgers, they introduced themselves – Vikramaditya, Siddharth and Harshvardhan. They are taught Kalaripayattu, the ancient martial art from Kerala by their fathers.(UPSC Prelims Question-2014)
Little Harshvardhan knows what to do in case terrorists attack his house. He knows what he can use as a weapon in case of an emergency.
These boys are shaping up just fine. They have an illustrious father to look up to, a father who understands what it is to wield power with kindness, and who understands that in forgiveness there is courage.
Capt Divakaran Pillay was willing to die to save two children he did not even know. He forbade vengeance on non-combatants. He used his fame for helping people who were strangers. He embraced a man who tried to kill him. This is not just the story of Capt Divakaran Pillay.
This is the story of the Indian Army.
-Written by Major Gaurav
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In a diverse country like India, where each State is socially, culturally, economically, and politically distinct, measuring Governance becomes increasingly tricky. The Public Affairs Index (PAI 2021) is a scientifically rigorous, data-based framework that measures the quality of governance at the Sub-national level and ranks the States and Union Territories (UTs) of India on a Composite Index (CI).
States are classified into two categories – Large and Small – using population as the criteria.
In PAI 2021, PAC defined three significant pillars that embody Governance – Growth, Equity, and Sustainability. Each of the three Pillars is circumscribed by five governance praxis Themes.
The themes include – Voice and Accountability, Government Effectiveness, Rule of Law, Regulatory Quality and Control of Corruption.
At the bottom of the pyramid, 43 component indicators are mapped to 14 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that are relevant to the States and UTs.
This forms the foundation of the conceptual framework of PAI 2021. The choice of the 43 indicators that go into the calculation of the CI were dictated by the objective of uncovering the complexity and multidimensional character of development governance

The Equity Principle
The Equity Pillar of the PAI 2021 Index analyses the inclusiveness impact at the Sub-national level in the country; inclusiveness in terms of the welfare of a society that depends primarily on establishing that all people feel that they have a say in the governance and are not excluded from the mainstream policy framework.
This requires all individuals and communities, but particularly the most vulnerable, to have an opportunity to improve or maintain their wellbeing. This chapter of PAI 2021 reflects the performance of States and UTs during the pandemic and questions the governance infrastructure in the country, analysing the effectiveness of schemes and the general livelihood of the people in terms of Equity.



Growth and its Discontents
Growth in its multidimensional form encompasses the essence of access to and the availability and optimal utilisation of resources. By resources, PAI 2021 refer to human resources, infrastructure and the budgetary allocations. Capacity building of an economy cannot take place if all the key players of growth do not drive development. The multiplier effects of better health care, improved educational outcomes, increased capital accumulation and lower unemployment levels contribute magnificently in the growth and development of the States.



The Pursuit Of Sustainability
The Sustainability Pillar analyses the access to and usage of resources that has an impact on environment, economy and humankind. The Pillar subsumes two themes and uses seven indicators to measure the effectiveness of government efforts with regards to Sustainability.



The Curious Case Of The Delta
The Delta Analysis presents the results on the State performance on year-on-year improvement. The rankings are measured as the Delta value over the last five to 10 years of data available for 12 Key Development Indicators (KDI). In PAI 2021, 12 indicators across the three Pillars of Equity (five indicators), Growth (five indicators) and Sustainability (two indicators). These KDIs are the outcome indicators crucial to assess Human Development. The Performance in the Delta Analysis is then compared to the Overall PAI 2021 Index.
Key Findings:-
In the Scheme of Things
The Scheme Analysis adds an additional dimension to ranking of the States on their governance. It attempts to complement the Governance Model by trying to understand the developmental activities undertaken by State Governments in the form of schemes. It also tries to understand whether better performance of States in schemes reflect in better governance.
The Centrally Sponsored schemes that were analysed are National Health Mission (NHM), Umbrella Integrated Child Development Services scheme (ICDS), Mahatma Gandh National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SmSA) and MidDay Meal Scheme (MDMS).
National Health Mission (NHM)
INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS)
MID- DAY MEAL SCHEME (MDMS)
SAMAGRA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SMSA)
MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME (MGNREGS)