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What it Contains :-
It Contains almost 81 articles, here is the list , highlighted once have in-depth analysis/detail (exclusive to upsctree)
1. Nai Talim and Gandhiji
2. National Capital Goods Policy (Draft)
3. SAADMEx
4. IMF and Reserve Currency
5. Madras High Court and Dress code at temples
6. Criminal Defamation
7. GIAN Scheme
8. Accessible India Campaign
9. Chennai Floods -What has gone wrong
10. Toda tribe of Nilgiris
11. International bird fete
12. Change of Guard – CJI
13. Birdman of India
14. Disaster Management in India- A Complete Coverage
15. PAHAL Scheme
16. Dr B.R. Ambedkar
17. Child friendly TB drug
18. AYUSH Mission
19. Kayakalp
20. National Mission on Electric Mobility- Analysis
21. Gender Equality/Socio-economic development/Empowerment of Women
22. Solar Pump
23. Ministry of Social Justice – Components
24. National Tourism Policy and Tourist Circuits
25. Children Adoption Guideline
26. Agricultural Census Highlights
27. National Water Way Bill
28. Education as an Eligibility to Contest Election – Analysis
29. Social Security Scheme for Farmers
30. Anti Dengue Vaccine
31. Indo-Pak Relations and the Kashmir Angle- Analysis
32. Coal Related news, Coking Coal, Mining- Open cast/Underground – Problems
33. Operation Smile
34. Gender gap in Labour force
35. Special Category States
36. National Young Leaders Programme
37. TAPI and IPI Pipeline
38. WTO and India- What is the confrontation is all about
39. Indo-Japan Relationship
40. Call Money Racket
41. Education as Eligibility to Contest Election
42. OROP Commission
43. Human Development Index Report and India
44. Civil Service Examination Commission
45. Promotion of Use of Construction and Demolition Waste
46. Ground Water of India- Report
47. ISRO and Antrix
48. World bank and Swachh Bharat
49. Price rise and Hoarding
50. Panchi
51. National De-worming Program
52. ASPIRE
53. SFURTI
54. Minority Affairs Schemes
55. Supreme Court, Religion and Fundamental Rights- Analysis on SC ruling on Agamas
56. Agamas
57. Arbitration and Reconciliation Amendment Bill
58. Great Indian Bustard, Nuclear Plants in India, Afghanistan as WTO Member etc
59. Buddhist monastry and Vajrayana Buddhism
60. Lingyatism, Vachana Sahitya and Karnataka
61. All India Survey of Higher Education
62. Insurance for Unorganized sector
63. T K Vishwanathan Committee Report on Bankruptcy
64. Juvenile Justice Bill – In-depth Analysis
65. Global Foot Print and Earth Overshoot Day
66. Police Reform – A comprehensive Coverage
67. Body Burden: State of India’s Health (2015)
68. Payment banks
69. Emission Norms for Thermal Power Plant
70. FSSAI
71. Crop Insurance Mobile App
72. Agrimarket Mobile App
73. ACT EAST Policy
74. Situation Room on Social Network
75. National Career Service Portal
76. Good Governance
77. Kilkari
78. Mobile Academy
79. Afghanistan Parliament
80. Textile Industry vs Environment
81. Olive Ridley
Thank you.
Recent Posts
Petrol in India is cheaper than in countries like Hong Kong, Germany and the UK but costlier than in China, Brazil, Japan, the US, Russia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, a Bank of Baroda Economics Research report showed.
Rising fuel prices in India have led to considerable debate on which government, state or central, should be lowering their taxes to keep prices under control.
The rise in fuel prices is mainly due to the global price of crude oil (raw material for making petrol and diesel) going up. Further, a stronger dollar has added to the cost of crude oil.
Amongst comparable countries (per capita wise), prices in India are higher than those in Vietnam, Kenya, Ukraine, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Venezuela. Countries that are major oil producers have much lower prices.
In the report, the Philippines has a comparable petrol price but has a per capita income higher than India by over 50 per cent.
Countries which have a lower per capita income like Kenya, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Venezuela have much lower prices of petrol and hence are impacted less than India.
“Therefore there is still a strong case for the government to consider lowering the taxes on fuel to protect the interest of the people,” the report argued.
India is the world’s third-biggest oil consuming and importing nation. It imports 85 per cent of its oil needs and so prices retail fuel at import parity rates.
With the global surge in energy prices, the cost of producing petrol, diesel and other petroleum products also went up for oil companies in India.
They raised petrol and diesel prices by Rs 10 a litre in just over a fortnight beginning March 22 but hit a pause button soon after as the move faced criticism and the opposition parties asked the government to cut taxes instead.
India imports most of its oil from a group of countries called the ‘OPEC +’ (i.e, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Russia, etc), which produces 40% of the world’s crude oil.
As they have the power to dictate fuel supply and prices, their decision of limiting the global supply reduces supply in India, thus raising prices
The government charges about 167% tax (excise) on petrol and 129% on diesel as compared to US (20%), UK (62%), Italy and Germany (65%).
The abominable excise duty is 2/3rd of the cost, and the base price, dealer commission and freight form the rest.
Here is an approximate break-up (in Rs):
a)Base Price | 39 |
b)Freight | 0.34 |
c) Price Charged to Dealers = (a+b) | 39.34 |
d) Excise Duty | 40.17 |
e) Dealer Commission | 4.68 |
f) VAT | 25.35 |
g) Retail Selling Price | 109.54 |
Looked closely, much of the cost of petrol and diesel is due to higher tax rate by govt, specifically excise duty.
So the question is why government is not reducing the prices ?
India, being a developing country, it does require gigantic amount of funding for its infrastructure projects as well as welfare schemes.
However, we as a society is yet to be tax-compliant. Many people evade the direct tax and that’s the reason why govt’s hands are tied. Govt. needs the money to fund various programs and at the same time it is not generating enough revenue from direct taxes.
That’s the reason why, govt is bumping up its revenue through higher indirect taxes such as GST or excise duty as in the case of petrol and diesel.
Direct taxes are progressive as it taxes according to an individuals’ income however indirect tax such as excise duty or GST are regressive in the sense that the poorest of the poor and richest of the rich have to pay the same amount.
Does not matter, if you are an auto-driver or owner of a Mercedes, end of the day both pay the same price for petrol/diesel-that’s why it is regressive in nature.
But unlike direct tax where tax evasion is rampant, indirect tax can not be evaded due to their very nature and as long as huge no of Indians keep evading direct taxes, indirect tax such as excise duty will be difficult for the govt to reduce, because it may reduce the revenue and hamper may programs of the govt.
Globally, around 80% of wastewater flows back into the ecosystem without being treated or reused, according to the United Nations.
This can pose a significant environmental and health threat.
In the absence of cost-effective, sustainable, disruptive water management solutions, about 70% of sewage is discharged untreated into India’s water bodies.
A staggering 21% of diseases are caused by contaminated water in India, according to the World Bank, and one in five children die before their fifth birthday because of poor sanitation and hygiene conditions, according to Startup India.
As we confront these public health challenges emerging out of environmental concerns, expanding the scope of public health/environmental engineering science becomes pivotal.
For India to achieve its sustainable development goals of clean water and sanitation and to address the growing demands for water consumption and preservation of both surface water bodies and groundwater resources, it is essential to find and implement innovative ways of treating wastewater.
It is in this context why the specialised cadre of public health engineers, also known as sanitation engineers or environmental engineers, is best suited to provide the growing urban and rural water supply and to manage solid waste and wastewater.
Traditionally, engineering and public health have been understood as different fields.
Currently in India, civil engineering incorporates a course or two on environmental engineering for students to learn about wastewater management as a part of their pre-service and in-service training.
Most often, civil engineers do not have adequate skills to address public health problems. And public health professionals do not have adequate engineering skills.
India aims to supply 55 litres of water per person per day by 2024 under its Jal Jeevan Mission to install functional household tap connections.
The goal of reaching every rural household with functional tap water can be achieved in a sustainable and resilient manner only if the cadre of public health engineers is expanded and strengthened.
In India, public health engineering is executed by the Public Works Department or by health officials.
This differs from international trends. To manage a wastewater treatment plant in Europe, for example, a candidate must specialise in wastewater engineering.
Furthermore, public health engineering should be developed as an interdisciplinary field. Engineers can significantly contribute to public health in defining what is possible, identifying limitations, and shaping workable solutions with a problem-solving approach.
Similarly, public health professionals can contribute to engineering through well-researched understanding of health issues, measured risks and how course correction can be initiated.
Once both meet, a public health engineer can identify a health risk, work on developing concrete solutions such as new health and safety practices or specialised equipment, in order to correct the safety concern..
There is no doubt that the majority of diseases are water-related, transmitted through consumption of contaminated water, vectors breeding in stagnated water, or lack of adequate quantity of good quality water for proper personal hygiene.
Diseases cannot be contained unless we provide good quality and adequate quantity of water. Most of the world’s diseases can be prevented by considering this.
Training our young minds towards creating sustainable water management systems would be the first step.
Currently, institutions like the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-M) are considering initiating public health engineering as a separate discipline.
To leverage this opportunity even further, India needs to scale up in the same direction.