Highlights of the Achievements of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
COP 21 AT PARIS: Working Towards Climate Justice:-
- It released “PARAMPARA”, a book on India’s culture and climate-friendly sustainable practices.
- Reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level.
- To achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030 with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF)
- To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
INITIATIVES TO REDUCE POLLUTION-
- National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) comprise 12 pollutants, out of which, three pollutants namely PM10, SO2 and NO2 are monitored
- Implementation of Bharat Stage IV norms in the 63 selected cities and universalization of BS-IV by 2017
- CPCB has worked out a transparent criteria to classify industries as ‘Red’ ‘Orange’ ‘Green’ and ‘White’ Category to link with ease of doing business and granting of consent including its siting. The criteria evolved are based on pollution potential and resource consumption rather than capital cost.
- Developed Action Plan for Ganga mainstream States to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) and water conservation for tanneries, distilleries, textiles, sugar and pulp and paper and achieving improved effluent standards for irrigation in respect of pulp and paper and sugar industries.
- An online system for submission and monitoring of Environmental and Forest approvals under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
INITIATIVES TO ENHANCE GREEN COVER:–
- Nagar Vana Udyan Yojana- aims to create at least one city forest in each city with a minimum area of 25 ha. The scheme aims at creation of a City Forest in forest areas within their jurisdiction up to a maximum of 100 ha and minimum area of 20 ha. The objective of the Yojana is to create 200 City Forests in the country
- School Nursery Yojana-aims to build a lasting bond of students with nature.
- Green India Mission (GIM)-aims at increasing the forest/ tree cover by 5 million hectare as well as, increasing the quality of the existing forest cover in another 5 million hectare
- Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)–To ensure expeditious utilisation in transparent and efficient manner, and safety and security of the accumulated amounts and fresh accruals, the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Bill 2015 has been introduced in the Parliament.
India and INDC can be read from here- Click here
Highlights of Department of Pension and Pensioners’ Welfare during 2015
Anubhav–
‘Anubhav’ is a platform for retiring government employees to share their experience of working the Government and for showcasing commendable work done during service. It is envisaged that this would provide satisfaction to the retiring employees and also act as motivator for serving employees. Over time this will build up a wealth of useful suggestions. This would also provide an excellent opportunity to harness the resource of retiring employees for voluntary contribution to nation building post retirement.
Bhavishya–
Bhavishya is an online tracking system for pension sanction and payment. By keeping track of the progress of each pension case, it introduces transparency and accountability into the system thereby plugging delays. This benefits the retiring employees, pensioners and the administration equally.
Pensioners’ Portal–
Pensioners’ Portal is the one stop solution for all information needs of the pensioners. The Portal also provides for registration of pensioners’ grievances through the Centralized Pension Grievance Registration and Monitoring System (CPENGRAMS)
Eight core Industries for Index of Industrial Production
The Eight Core Industries comprise nearly 38% of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
- Coal
- Crude Oil
- Natural Gas
- Refinery Products
- Fertilizers
- Steel
- Cement
- Electricity
These industries have substantial impact as they are intricately linked by forward and backward linkage with the economy , and hence their good performance is quite vital for economic health.
Apex court upholds curbs on serving liquor in Kerala- Exclusive Analysis
Background :-The Kerala Govt. has recently banned liquor in the state with few exemptions (five-star hotels). This was challenged in the court and the court this time sides with the Govt.Recently Bihar also banned liquor , so this verdict gives other states the necessary precedence to enact such laws.
This is an interesting case and to understand it fully we need to browse through various point of views.
Constitutional/Legal Aspect:-
Alcohol is both in State list and Union list (State list where the only the state govt can make laws on the subject and union list is where the Union has exclusive right to make laws)
Alcohol as part of Union List the Central govt can make laws pertaining to use of alcohol when it is used as part of medicinal,toilet preparation etc.
Alcohol as part of state list – the state govt has all the right to make laws as long as alcohol is considered as an intoxicating drink .
In this case, the state of Kerala or Bihar has exclusive right to make laws as long as liquor is considered for consumption.
Now as per constitution and Article 47 :-
“Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health”
It is clear from the article that alcohol can be banned and it won’t be violation of any freedom as per the constitution.
Social and Political Aspect:-
Impacts on society and politics:-
- Many tribes across India , enjoy their home-made alcohol for different occasions and Alcohol forms part of their culture and celebration.
- However , in recent times alcoholism has been in the rise and many tribal people fall victim to it. Many loose lives after drinking toxic alcohol- we have came across this mass death emanating from consumption of alcohol form time to time.
- The poor are the most vulnerable section and victims of alcoholism.
- Alcohol , has given rise to many social evils too – prominent being momentary passion for crime and domestic violence.
- Alcohol also used as a political tool in recent times and votes are manipulated through distribution of alcohol.This has a bad impact on democracy and clean politics.
- Underage drinking is also on the rise .
Economic Aspects:-
- Next door to Kerala , Tamilnadu -there is an interesting case, where the state govt in fact sells alcohol and has monopoly. This itself is odd, the sheer contrast in functioning 2 neighboring states is startling.
- While Tamilnadu govt keeps it as an economic activity, Kerala govt is trying to ban it as a social evil.
- Of course, without doubt, Alcohol is a revenue earner.
Analysis:-
- People will drink irrespective of the ban or not and that’s a truth which we can’t ignore.There will be a huge trade of smuggling and black marketing of alcohol across state borders.Of course the neighboring states like Tamilnadu will benefit from it and so does the smugglers and black marketers.
- We should not make a law/regulation which we can not enforce properly ( Delhi’s odd-even formula for eg) .Hence making this law is wrong in that aspect.
- Though state govt behaves as a”Parent” in this case and though it has all the right to do so , yet it has to give certain degree of liberty to its citizenry.
- The Apex court only looks at the merit of the law and looks at constitution to justify it , however it missed the very essence of this law- can we enforce it ?
- Moreover, exempting the five-star hotels from ban is a rational choice and this should have been the templates where the state govt should have raised the alcohol tax so high that it becomes unaffordable for many.
- The economic route of heavy taxation could have been a good measure than resorting to law .
- In fact , Bihar and Kerala should have asked the center to make the law on their behalf and if we could have achieved a uniform heavy tax across all states then , this law would have been better enforceable and would have served the purpose.
- Moreover, an addict , in absence of one drug resorts to another, hence a reality ground assessment on this should have been done and possible alternative also should have been highly taxed.
- The developed countries operate this way where tobacco is highly priced and thus becomes unaffordable for many , and even if one can afford , one can afford only little.To find the balance of correct economic taxation requires that people should have what they want , yet they should not be able to have it in the high quantity they want as it becomes unaffordable.That way , people will have their alcohol , but will have a little of it , so a perfect check on alcoholism and resorting to any other alternative..
- Also , this law in the hands of enforcers becomes a perfect tool for corruption and we already know where India stand in corruption.It is not only bad people do corruption , it is also the bad laws that give space to corruption.
- To sum up , this is a perfect case of good intention supported by ineffective laws.
Note :- This is an exclusive upsctree analysis.We are open to debate on this if you have any valid arguments, kindly do write in the comment section.We strongly believe in debate, discussions and deliberation.
Safe guarding the decision makers:-
- According to the new rules notified by the DoPT, IAS officers working with the Centre can now be suspended only on the recommendation of the Central Review Committee and with the approval of the minister in charge of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT).
- States will now have to inform the Centre within 48 hours of suspending any all-India services officer (IAS, PS and IFS) working for them. Copy of the suspension order and reasons for the suspension have to be communicated. Earlier, there was no time limit. Also, now the state cannot keep an officer suspended beyond 30 days if the Centre does not confirm the suspension or if disciplinary proceedings are not initiated. The earlier period was 45 days
- The Central Review Committee will now have the secretary of the DoPT as chairperson and its members will be the DoPT’s establishment officer and the secretary of the ministry where the IAS officer is posted. Previously, the committee was headed by the secretary of the ministry concerned and it was optional to co-opt a DoPT officer.
- The new rules also stipulate that any appeals or memorials against disciplinary action taken by the state government or a central ministry against an all-India service officer must be forwarded to the Centre with the ministry or state’s comments within 30 days of receipt “or the Central government will take a decision on the advance copy of the appeal received by them.“
- These rules are aimed at checking any arbitrary suspension by the governments. These All India Services (Discipline and Appeal) Amendment Rules, 2015, replace the rules of 1969.
Analysis :- The buzz word of last year ” policy paralysis” has emanated from the very fact that honest civil servants who have taken a decision with bona-fide intention has been hounded. Due to this many bureaucrats stopped or shied away from decision-making , there by leading to policy paralysis.This is indeed a welcome step to safe guard the decision makers.
Few Facts:-
- The Department of Commerce’s DAVA (Drug Authentication and Verification Application) project has won the 2015 eASIA Award under Trade Facilitation category as announced by Asia Pacific Council for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (AFACT) in Tehran, Iran.
- India moves 13 position ahead from 65th to 52nd rank in Tourism & Travel competitive index as per world Economic Forum Report
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Recent Posts
- Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance (LEAF) Coalition, a collective of the United States, United Kingdom and Norway governments, came up with a $1 billion fund.
- LEAF is supported by transnational corporations (TNCs) like Unilever plc, Amazon.com, Inc, Nestle, Airbnb, Inc as well as Emergent, a US-based non-profit.
- The world lost more than 10 million hectares of primary tropical forest cover last year, an area roughly the size of Switzerland.
- Ending tropical and subtropical forest loss by 2030 is a crucial part of meeting global climate, biodiversity and sustainable development goals. Protecting tropical forests offers one of the biggest opportunities for climate action in the coming decade.
- Tropical forests are massive carbon sinks and by investing in their protection, public and private players are likely to stock up on their carbon credits.
- The LEAF coalition initiative is a step towards concretising the aims and objectives of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism.
- REDD+ was created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It monetised the value of carbon locked up in the tropical forests of most developing countries, thereby propelling these countries to help mitigate climate change.
- It is a unique initiative as it seeks to help developing countries in battling the double-edged sword of development versus ecological commitment.
- The initiative comes at a crucial time. The tropics have lost close to 12.2 million hectares (mha) of tree cover last year according to global estimates released by Global Forest Watch.
- Of this, a loss of 4.2 mha occurred within humid tropical primary forests alone. It should come as no surprise that most of these lost forests were located in the developing countries of Latin America, Africa and South Asia.
- Brazil has fared dismally on the parameter of ‘annual primary forest loss’ among all countries. It has lost 1.7 mha of primary forests that are rich storehouse of carbon. India’s estimated loss in 2020 stands at 20.8 kilo hectares.
- Between 2002-2020, Brazil’s total area of humid primary forest reduced by 7.7 per cent while India’s reduced by 3.4 per cent.
- Although the loss in India is not as drastic as in Brazil, its position is nevertheless precarious. For India, this loss is equivalent to 951 metric tonnes worth carbon dioxide emissions released in the atmosphere.
- It is important to draw comparisons between Brazil and India as both countries have adopted a rather lackadaisical attitude towards deforestation-induced climate change. The Brazilian government hardly did anything to control the massive fires that gutted the Amazon rainforest in 2019.
- It is mostly around May that forest fires peak in India. However, this year India, witnessed massive forest fires in early March in states like Odisha, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh and Mizoram among others.
- The European Union’s Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service claimed that 0.2 metric tonnes of carbon was emitted in the Uttarakhand forest fires.
- Implementation of the LEAF Coalition plan will help pump in fresh rigour among developing countries like India, that are reluctant to recognise the contributions of their forest dwelling populations in mitigating climate change.
- With the deadline for proposal submission fast approaching, India needs to act swiftly on a revised strategy.
- Although India has pledged to carry out its REDD+ commitments, it is impossible to do so without seeking knowledge from its forest dwelling population.
Context:-
At the recently concluded Leaders’ Summit on Climate in April 2021, Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance (LEAF) Coalition, a collective of the United States, United Kingdom and Norway governments, came up with a $1 billion fund plan that shall be offered to countries committed to arrest the decline of their tropical forests by 2030.
[wptelegram-join-channel link=”https://t.me/s/upsctree” text=”Join @upsctree on Telegram”]What is LEAF Coalition?
Why LEAF Coalition?
Brazil & India
According to the UN-REDD programme, after the energy sector, deforestation accounts for massive carbon emissions — close to 11 per cent — in the atmosphere. Rapid urbanisation and commercialisation of forest produce are the main causes behind rampant deforestation across tropical forests.
Tribes, Forests and Government
Disregarding climate change as a valid excuse for the fires, Indian government officials were quick to lay the blame for deforestation on activities of forest dwellers and even labelled them “mischievous elements” and “unwanted elements”.
Policy makers around the world have emphasised the role of indigenous tribes and local communities in checking deforestation. These communities depend on forests for their survival as well as livelihood. Hence, they understand the need to protect forests. However, by posing legitimate environmental concerns as obstacles to real development, governments of developing countries swiftly avoid protection of forests and rights of forest dwellers.
For instance, the Government of India has not been forthcoming in recognising the socio-economic, civil, political or even cultural rights of forest dwellers. According to data from the Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs in December, 2020 over 55 per cent of this population has still not been granted either individual or community ownership of their lands.
To make matters worse, the government has undertaken systematic and sustained measures to render the landmark Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 ineffective in its implementation. The Act had sought to legitimise claims of forest dwellers on occupied forest land.
Various government decisions have seriously undermined the position of indigenous people within India. These include proposing amendments to the obsolete Indian Forest Act, 1927 that give forest officials the power to take away forest dwellers’ rights and to even use firearms with impunity.
There is also the Supreme Court’s order of February, 2019 directing state governments to evict illegal encroachers of forest land or millions of forest dwellers inhabiting forests since generations as a measure to conserve wildlife. Finally, there is the lack of data on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) deaths among the forest dwelling population;
Tardy administration, insufficient supervision, apathetic attitude and a lack of political intent defeat the cause of forest dwelling populations in India, thereby directly affecting efforts at arresting deforestation.
Way Forward
Tuntiak Katan, a global indigenous leader from Ecuador and general coordinator of the Global Alliance of Territorial Communities, aptly indicated the next steps at the Climate Summit:
“The first step is recognition of land rights. The second step is the recognition of the contributions of local communities and indigenous communities, meaning the contributions of indigenous peoples.We also need recognition of traditional knowledge practices in order to fight climate change”
Perhaps India can begin by taking the first step.