By UPSCTREECategories: Mains Question Paper
HOME SCIENCE – PAPER I
Odisha Civil Services Mains 2024
Time: 3 Hours
|Full Marks: 250
|Full Marks: 250
GROUP A
10 × 15 MARKS
Instructions: Attempt 10 (ten) questions. Word limit: 250 words.
- Describe the composition and functions of dietary proteins in human body. Explain the importance of essential amino acids and the health consequences associated with inadequate protein intake.
- Describe the role of iron in oxygen transport and enzyme function. Discuss how bioavailability, dietary inhibitors and chronic diseases influence iron status in different populations.
- Explain the composition and nutritional importance of milk and milk products and their role in maintaining healthy body.
- Describe national and international food safety regulations, explaining their scope, implementation and impact on consumer protection. Discuss about FPO and ISI in controlling food quality.
- Explain protein metabolism in the human body and discuss its physiological significance during starvation.
- Discuss the strategies adopted by WHO and UNICEF to combat malnutrition with examples of successful programs and their impact on the society.
- Explain the importance of vitamin B complex in energy metabolism and Red Blood Cell formation. Discuss the factors affecting the absorption of vitamin B complex.
- “Development of cardiovascular diseases is not a one day process.” Justify the statement. Also discuss the detailed dietary management of hypertension.
- What is dietary fibre? Which food group(s) contributes maximally to dietary fibre? Also, explain the role of dietary fibres in occurrence and management of gastrointestinal diseases.
- Describe food adulteration and differentiate between the food adulterants and food additives. Explain the methods to detect food adulteration in milk, vegetable oil and turmeric.
- Describe the etiology, pathophysiology and management of gastritis and peptic ulcers.
- Describe hepatitis and its principal causes. Explain the factors affecting the pathophysiology and long-term consequences and lifestyle modifications in maintaining liver health.
GROUP B
05 × 20 MARKS
Instructions: Attempt 05 (five) questions. Word limit: 300 words.
- Discuss the importance of family counselling in healing emotional wounds, improving relationships and building self-esteem among family members. Why is this kind of counselling important for keeping families close and strong over the long term?
- Discuss Piaget’s theory of cognitive development in detail, explaining the stages, characteristics and the progression of thinking from infancy to adolescence.
- Describe the effect of maternal nutrition, hormones, genetics and environment on the prenatal growth and development. Also discuss their long-term effects on postnatal health.
- Define geriatric age. Discuss the common health problems and geriatric syndromes faced by older people. What social factors contribute to these challenges and affect the well-being of elderly individuals?
- Explain the psychosocial and emotional development stages of early childhood. Describe the development of language and communication skills in children during the first five years.
- Discuss how globalization and exposure to new cultural values affect family values, traditions and relationships. What is the role of cultural adaptation and conflict in this context?
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Darknet
Definition:
Darknet, also known as dark web or darknet market, refers to the part of the internet that is not indexed or accessible through traditional search engines. It is a network of private and encrypted websites that cannot be accessed through regular web browsers and requires special software and configuration to access.
The darknet is often associated with illegal activities such as drug trafficking, weapon sales, and hacking services, although not all sites on the darknet are illegal.
Examples:
Examples of darknet markets include Silk Road, AlphaBay, and Dream Market, which were all shut down by law enforcement agencies in recent years.
These marketplaces operate similarly to e-commerce websites, with vendors selling various illegal goods and services, such as drugs, counterfeit documents, and hacking tools, and buyers paying with cryptocurrency for their purchases.
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Cons:
Artificial Intelligence
Definition:
AI, or artificial intelligence, refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and understanding natural language.
Examples:
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Cons: