There is a change in pattern of marking. There are 10 questions carrying 10 marks each and has to be written in 150 words (First 10 questions) and the there are 10 questions carrying 15 marks each and has to be written in 250 words.
1)How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatics art is not at all noticeable in later times. (150 words-10 Mark)
2)Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity. (150 words-10 Mark)
3)Why did “moderates” fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed strategy and political goals by the end of nineteenth century. (150 words-10 Mark)
4)What problems were germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula ? (150 words-10 Mark)
5)How does Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of earth ? (150 words-10 Mark)
6)”In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development.” Discuss. (150 words-10 Mark)
7) Mention advantages of cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations. (150 words-10 Mark)
8)How does cryosphere affect global climate ? (150 words-10 Mark)
9) In the context of diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the states? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint. (150 words-10 Mark)
10)What are the two major legal initiatives of state since independence, addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes ? (150 words-10 Mark)
11) The spirit of tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at present. Elaborate. (250 words-15 Mark)
12)Examine how decline of traditional artisan industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. (250 words-15 marks)
13)Highlight the importance the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since the twenties of the last century. (250 words-15 marks)
14)Account for variation in ocean salinity and discuss the multi-dimensional effects. (250 words-15 marks)
15)Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located near to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many developing countries. Explain its implications. (250 words-15 marks)
16)In what ways can floods be converted into sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India ? (250 words-15 marks)
17) What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50% of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia ? (250 words-15 marks)
18)The Women’s question arose in modern India’s a part of the 19th century social reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in that period ? (250 words-15 marks)
19) Distinguish between religiousnesss/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former got transformed into latter in independent India (250 words-15 marks)
20)”The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problems”. Substantiate this statement with example.(250 words-15 marks)
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[wptelegram-join-channel link=”https://t.me/s/upsctree” text=”Join @upsctree on Telegram”]2021 WEF Global Gender Gap report, which confirmed its 2016 finding of a decline in worldwide progress towards gender parity.
Over 2.8 billion women are legally restricted from having the same choice of jobs as men. As many as 104 countries still have laws preventing women from working in specific jobs, 59 countries have no laws on sexual harassment in the workplace, and it is astonishing that a handful of countries still allow husbands to legally stop their wives from working.
Globally, women’s participation in the labour force is estimated at 63% (as against 94% of men who participate), but India’s is at a dismal 25% or so currently. Most women are in informal and vulnerable employment—domestic help, agriculture, etc—and are always paid less than men.
Recent reports from Assam suggest that women workers in plantations are paid much less than men and never promoted to supervisory roles. The gender wage gap is about 24% globally, and women have lost far more jobs than men during lockdowns.
The problem of gender disparity is compounded by hurdles put up by governments, society and businesses: unequal access to social security schemes, banking services, education, digital services and so on, even as a glass ceiling has kept leadership roles out of women’s reach.
Yes, many governments and businesses had been working on parity before the pandemic struck. But the global gender gap, defined by differences reflected in the social, political, intellectual, cultural and economic attainments or attitudes of men and women, will not narrow in the near future without all major stakeholders working together on a clear agenda—that of economic growth by inclusion.
The WEF report estimates 135 years to close the gap at our current rate of progress based on four pillars: educational attainment, health, economic participation and political empowerment.
India has slipped from rank 112 to 140 in a single year, confirming how hard women were hit by the pandemic. Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only two Asian countries that fared worse.
Here are a few things we must do:
One, frame policies for equal-opportunity employment. Use technology and artificial intelligence to eliminate biases of gender, caste, etc, and select candidates at all levels on merit. Numerous surveys indicate that women in general have a better chance of landing jobs if their gender is not known to recruiters.
Two, foster a culture of gender sensitivity. Take a review of current policies and move from gender-neutral to gender-sensitive. Encourage and insist on diversity and inclusion at all levels, and promote more women internally to leadership roles. Demolish silos to let women grab potential opportunities in hitherto male-dominant roles. Work-from-home has taught us how efficiently women can manage flex-timings and productivity.
Three, deploy corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds for the education and skilling of women and girls at the bottom of the pyramid. CSR allocations to toilet building, the PM-Cares fund and firms’ own trusts could be re-channelled for this.
Four, get more women into research and development (R&D) roles. A study of over 4,000 companies found that more women in R&D jobs resulted in radical innovation. It appears women score far higher than men in championing change. If you seek growth from affordable products and services for low-income groups, women often have the best ideas.
Five, break barriers to allow progress. Cultural and structural issues must be fixed. Unconscious biases and discrimination are rampant even in highly-esteemed organizations. Establish fair and transparent human resource policies.
Six, get involved in local communities to engage them. As Michael Porter said, it is not possible for businesses to sustain long-term shareholder value without ensuring the welfare of the communities they exist in. It is in the best interest of enterprises to engage with local communities to understand and work towards lowering cultural and other barriers in society. It will also help connect with potential customers, employees and special interest groups driving the gender-equity agenda and achieve better diversity.