CIVIL SERVICE MAINS–2016–GENERAL STUDIES Question Paper -IV and Analysis
The questions we asked in our MAINS test series :-
- How ethics contributes to social and human well being ;-
- This can be answered by the material provided by us in UTM13 test, where it discusses what use is ethics ?
- Ethics can provide a moral map
- Ethics can pinpoint a disagreement
- Ethics doesn’t give right answers always
- Ethics as source of group strength
- What is right or wrong and what are the sources of right and wrong (metaethics)
- This can be answered by the material provided by us in UTM13 test, where it discusses what use is ethics ?
- Impartiality and Non-partisanship as foundational values of civil service
- We did not ask this question directly however asked this :-
- According to you, what are the most five foundational values of civil service. Elaborate on any two of these with example.
- Governance , Good Governance and Ethical governance:-
- Question asked by us in test series :-
- What do you understand by ethical governance? How good governance is related to ethical governance.
- Mahatma Gandhi’s seven sins ( Did not cover as part of test series)
- John Rawls’s concept of Social Justice (Did not cover as part of test series)
- Public service code according to 2nd ARC :-
- Given as part of the material for UTM13
- Corruption was asked in our test series. Kautilya’s view is discussed in 3 of our editorials :-(Fodder can be found to answer this question)
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
- Question asked in test series :-
- It seems that our society still believes “cleanliness” is the responsibility of the state only. What can you do on personal and community level to bring about social and attitudinal change to inculcate value of cleanliness?
- Question asked in test series :-
- Law and ethics as tools to control human conduct and How they differ.
- Questions asked in test series :-
- Explain how Law determines Ethics with example.
- “In law, a man is guilty when he violates rights of another. In ethics, he is guilty if he thinks of doing so”.(That’s the difference part)
- Family’s contribution to attitude building
- Question asked in test series :-
- The process of attitude building starts in the family. With suitable example, explain how your family helped you to build certain positive attitudes and how these attitudes helped you in real life?
- Anger management
- Did not ask specific to anger but a general question was given in test series :-
- What do you understand by Emotional Intelligence? According to you, what are the necessary attributes, an emotionally intelligent administrator should possess? – one of the key attribute of a good civil servant is anger management.
- Did not ask specific to anger but a general question was given in test series :-
- Max Weber and Personal morality vs State morality
- We have asked the difference between personal morality and State morality in test series.
- Also there is an editorial on it – Editorials – Role of Integrity in Public Life !!!
Approach for Case Studies will follow.
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[wptelegram-join-channel link=”https://t.me/s/upsctree” text=”Join @upsctree on Telegram”]2021 WEF Global Gender Gap report, which confirmed its 2016 finding of a decline in worldwide progress towards gender parity.
Over 2.8 billion women are legally restricted from having the same choice of jobs as men. As many as 104 countries still have laws preventing women from working in specific jobs, 59 countries have no laws on sexual harassment in the workplace, and it is astonishing that a handful of countries still allow husbands to legally stop their wives from working.
Globally, women’s participation in the labour force is estimated at 63% (as against 94% of men who participate), but India’s is at a dismal 25% or so currently. Most women are in informal and vulnerable employment—domestic help, agriculture, etc—and are always paid less than men.
Recent reports from Assam suggest that women workers in plantations are paid much less than men and never promoted to supervisory roles. The gender wage gap is about 24% globally, and women have lost far more jobs than men during lockdowns.
The problem of gender disparity is compounded by hurdles put up by governments, society and businesses: unequal access to social security schemes, banking services, education, digital services and so on, even as a glass ceiling has kept leadership roles out of women’s reach.
Yes, many governments and businesses had been working on parity before the pandemic struck. But the global gender gap, defined by differences reflected in the social, political, intellectual, cultural and economic attainments or attitudes of men and women, will not narrow in the near future without all major stakeholders working together on a clear agenda—that of economic growth by inclusion.
The WEF report estimates 135 years to close the gap at our current rate of progress based on four pillars: educational attainment, health, economic participation and political empowerment.
India has slipped from rank 112 to 140 in a single year, confirming how hard women were hit by the pandemic. Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only two Asian countries that fared worse.
Here are a few things we must do:
One, frame policies for equal-opportunity employment. Use technology and artificial intelligence to eliminate biases of gender, caste, etc, and select candidates at all levels on merit. Numerous surveys indicate that women in general have a better chance of landing jobs if their gender is not known to recruiters.
Two, foster a culture of gender sensitivity. Take a review of current policies and move from gender-neutral to gender-sensitive. Encourage and insist on diversity and inclusion at all levels, and promote more women internally to leadership roles. Demolish silos to let women grab potential opportunities in hitherto male-dominant roles. Work-from-home has taught us how efficiently women can manage flex-timings and productivity.
Three, deploy corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds for the education and skilling of women and girls at the bottom of the pyramid. CSR allocations to toilet building, the PM-Cares fund and firms’ own trusts could be re-channelled for this.
Four, get more women into research and development (R&D) roles. A study of over 4,000 companies found that more women in R&D jobs resulted in radical innovation. It appears women score far higher than men in championing change. If you seek growth from affordable products and services for low-income groups, women often have the best ideas.
Five, break barriers to allow progress. Cultural and structural issues must be fixed. Unconscious biases and discrimination are rampant even in highly-esteemed organizations. Establish fair and transparent human resource policies.
Six, get involved in local communities to engage them. As Michael Porter said, it is not possible for businesses to sustain long-term shareholder value without ensuring the welfare of the communities they exist in. It is in the best interest of enterprises to engage with local communities to understand and work towards lowering cultural and other barriers in society. It will also help connect with potential customers, employees and special interest groups driving the gender-equity agenda and achieve better diversity.